![]() Hemoglobin S differs from hemoglobin A in that the amino acid valine is found at position number 6 in the beta chain instead of the amino acid glutamate. People with sickle cell disease an abnormal type of hemoglobin, called hemoglobin S (instead of normal hemoglobin A). about 4 out of every 1,000 African Americans has sickle cell disease (about 80,000 people), and about 10% carry the sickle cell trait. The critical relationship between protein structure and function is dramatically illustrated by sickle cell anemia, an inherited disease seen in people whose ancestors came from Africa, the Middle East, the Mediterranean, or India. For example, hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells, which plays a key role in oxygen transport it has 4 subunits of two distinct types (2 alpha and 2 beta subunits). Each of us has tens of thousands of proteins, which serve a variety of functions, and each protein has a unique three-dimensional structure that specifies its function.
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